MEANS OF EXPRESSING TACTIC OF APPEALING TO AUTHORITIES IN SCIENTIFIC-DIDACTIC DISCOURSE (ON THE BASIS OF MODERN TEXTBOOKS ON ECOLOGY)
Abstract
The given article is dedicated to the problem of expressing the tactic of appealing to authorities in scientific-didactic discourse in the sphere of ecology. Since this type of discourse comprises the features of scientific, didactic and ecological discourses, its communicative purpose is twofold: to provide professional knowledge to the addressees and to shape their eco-friendly attitudes towards environment. Emphasis on the ecological problems makes an addresser and an addressee as members of one communicative society. The given tactic via quotations, references, mentioning political, governmental and religious leaders, and organizations working with environmental issues implies the following pragmatic function – producents address to authorities' thoughts to express the necessity of information in an explicit or implicit manner, thus increasing their position in the recipient's eyes when the latter trusts the message transmitted to him. Citation and references help an addresser illustrate the information with the facts from other authors' works, expand it and show his attitude towards the problem. Bibliography references help an addressee with the future detailed comprehension of the material. Mentioning leaders and organizations working with environmental issues helps students understand that ecological problems are of global concern nowadays as an awareness of international events, population trends, health and living conditions, and environmental quality are essential for educated people. The means of expressing the tactic of appealing to authorities are richly illustrated with the examples taken from the modern textbooks on ecology published in the USA.
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