OPPOSITIONAL DIALOGUE IN GERMAN FICTION: LINGUISTIC SYNERGETIC ASPECT

Abstract

The article investigates the phenomenon of oppositional dialogue in works of art of various genres. The essence of oppositional dialogue, its types, as well as the complex interaction of types that gradually replace each other are described. The criteria for oppositional dialogue are identified: 1. In oppositional dialogue, the subject of a joint conversation and the directions of its discussion are indicated in the topic of the dialogue – the theme, and in the rheme, the detailing of the content of the conversation leads to significant complication, branching of the rheme. 2. The conditions for oppositional dialogue are the differences in the goals of the communicants and/or their disagreement in interpreting the subject of discussion. 3. If the communicants have a common goal of the conversation, opposing interpretations of the subject of the conversation are reflected explicitly, but if the goals of the conversation of the communicants are opposite, they acquire implicit or explicit expression. The essence of self-organization of oppositional dialogues is explained, for this purpose the concepts of synergetics are involved: target attractors, repellers, bifurcation point. The postulate of synergetics is introduced that in self-organized systems their parts are able to mutually model each other and the environment. This postulate in oppositional dialogue is manifested in the mutual modeling by characters of the behavior and goals of the opponent. Bifurcation points (branching) are the moments of transition in a complex dialogue from one type of dialogue to the next. In the speech of characters, such transitions are indicated by emotional triggers. As a rule, the use of an emotional trigger indicates a transition from the rheme of the previous stage of the dialogue to the topic, the theme, of the next stage.A schematic depiction of oppositional dialogue, in particular a complex one, has been initiated. The scheme reflects the mechanisms for implementing oppositional relations between characters, taking into account the aspect of self-organization, implementation of the concepts of synergism and their connection with modeling, planning by each character of his behavior and the goals of the opponent. The characteristic features of the tactics of influencing opponents on each other (tactics of imitation, tactics of reflexive control) are described. The speech implementation of tactics in the work is designated as the use of triggers for transition from one part of a complex oppositional dialogue to the next. The continuation of this work is a prospect for further research with the creation of a universal information-synergistic model of a complex oppositional dialogue, the study of the linguistic-stylistic aspect of oppositions with its characteristic synergy.