NEOLOGISMS AND THEIR EXPLICATION IN ENGLISH SPEECH

Abstract

The emergence of neologisms is due to the rapid activation of society and the occurrence of new realities that require verbalization in language. The formation of new lexemes is mostly from their own material through wordforming models and on the basis of rethinking existing units. Within scientific research, we interpret neologisms as lexemes that have emerged in English over the past two decades and identify five theoretical approaches to their study. We semantically differentiate groups of English neologisms that verbalize the sphere of colloquial vocabulary of the XXI century, outline the causes of neologisms and identify the most productive areas of usage of the latest units. The object of study is the modern colloquial vocabulary of the English language of the XXI century, and the subject of scientific analysis – the semantic structure of neologisms. The material of the research was neologisms selected from the English-Ukrainian dictionary of new colloquial vocabulary and phraseology and Oxford Online Dictionary. The main areas of functioning of the new conversational units are computer technology, public life, genetic engineering, anthropocentric, socio-political and socio-economic. Dominant neologisms include single-word language lexemes, which are mostly expressed by nouns, which indicates the need for native speakers to name phenomena or situations. Mechanisms for producing new words have a specific nature and are used by speakers as strategies for overcoming communication difficulties. To save their own time, Internet users invent a lot of new words that are quickly distributed by speakers and bloggers. The interactive stage of the study of neologisms showed a weak connotative awareness of the respondents in the presented units, but based on the context, the informants found out the meaning of 90% of the words. The prospect of further research can be seen in the comparative investigation of innovations of different languages.