STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF POLITICAL SPEECHES OF AMERICAN EXPRESIDENT BARAK OBAMA

Abstract

A detailed study of the linguistic features of political texts makes it possible to track trends in language change, to outline the linguistic means of modeling the communicative portrait of a politician in the light of the dynamic challenges of the period under study. For a comprehensive study of political reality, which is modeled by a particular politician, it is important to turn to his political discourse. Political speech is a form of public speaking, a process of communication and a type of social action. This is a pre-prepared sharp political speech with positive or negative assessments, justifications, specific facts, with outlined plans, the prospect of political change. One of the key figures is the American politician, the 44th President of the United States – Barack Hussein Obama. The focus of our linguistic research is to explore the structural features of his political speeches delivered between June 1 and July 13, 2015. In our opinion, political speech is a “living organism”, the full functioning of which is ensured through the coordinated work of “bodies”, ie, structural parts, each of which performs a specific function. During the structural analysis, we used a structural model of political speech, which included an introductory (aimed at preparing the audience to perceive and understand the key ideas of the speech, which will be expressed in the main part), basic (within which the presentation of material using systems of arguments in order to substantiate the stated ideas) and the final (designed to encourage listeners to implement what they heard) blocks. As a result, we found that the content and forms of implementation of the plans of this American politician vary in each speech. In the introductory part, the speaker prepares the listeners for the perception of the main topic, seeks to interest them. The success of a future speech depends on the skill of the speaker. In the main part, he uses the disclosure of the topic using various methods of argumentation. The final part is a “platform” for summarizing and encouraging action to improve things.