APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE NOVELTY OF LEXICAL UNITS (BASED ON THE NEOLOGIC DICTIONARIES OF UKRAINIAN, GERMAN AND ENGLISH)
Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of dictionaries of neologisms, clarification of the theoretical basis for dictionary creation, definition of target lexical units, and comparison of Ukrainian, German and English lexicographic traditions.Such conditions make dictionaries of neologisms a promising object of study, since collecting vocabulary and phraseology with neological status, dictionaries should contain definitions of the target vocabulary they describe.Different scientific interpretations of neologism are classified and its working definition is outlined for the needs of the subject field of determining selection and comparison criteria, in particular within the lexicographic traditions represented by the languages of compilation of dictionaries: Ukrainian, German and English. The comparison is based on defined approaches to the interpretation of the term «neologism», the availability of the definition of the term «neologism» and the criteria for selecting lexical items, and the language of the dictionary.The article is based on a selection of 24 dictionaries of neologisms and new words: 6 Ukrainian, 6 German, and 12 English dictionaries.The results show that there are three definitions of novelty of lexical units among the selected dictionaries: absolute, relative, and lexicographic. The absolute interpretation of novelty is the most common, the relative interpretation is less common, and the definition of novelty according to the lexicographic criterion is in the minority. In more than half of the cases, there is no definition of the neologism or criteria for selection. It was found that the problem of lack of definition or criteria is most common among English-language dictionaries.English-language dictionaries mainly define neologisms by relative novelty, while German-language dictionaries define them by absolute novelty. Among Ukrainian-language dictionaries, dictionaries of new formations are the most common.
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