New Philology

LINGUISTIC EVOLUTION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: ENGLISH CYBER NEOLOGISMS WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES

O. Babelyuk — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The rapid advancement of computer technology and the Internet has catalyzed significant linguistic transformations, especially in vocabulary development. This study investigates the complex processes of neologism formation within the digital communication landscape, examining how technological innovation fosters linguistic creativity. The research tasks are to analyse word-formation models for Internet neologisms, examine the prevalence of different word-creation techniques, investigate the semantic expansion of existing terms, and explore the impact of technological development on the evolution of the English language. The research analyses a comprehensive corpus of Internet-related neologisms, revealing various word-formation models. Findings indicate that 64% of new terms arise through non-standard methods, including blending, abbreviation, and acronymisation. Semantic expansion accounts for 18% of the analysed neologisms, demonstrating how existing words acquire new meanings in technological contexts. The term “spam” illustrates this phenomenon, shifting from its original meaning of ‘canned meat’ to describe ‘unwanted digital communications.’ It is proved that affixation is a particularly productive word formation technique, with prefixes like cyber-, e-, net-, and web- generating many new terms. The prefix cyber- proves highly generative, reflecting the Internet’s transformative effect on English. Wordcompounds represent the largest category of neologisms, combining existing words from the vocabulary stock to create new terms. The study shows that Internet neologisms primarily stem from user communication needs, often focused on reducing typing time and capturing emerging technological concepts. The linguistic landscape continues evolving rapidly, with new terms to describe innovative digital experiences and technologies.

THE IMPACT OF ENGLISH NEOLOGISMS ON MODERN LANGUAGE USE IN DIGITAL MEDIA

T. Bykova — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In today’s world, globalisation and the rapid development of digital technologies have a significant impact on the language environment, contributing to the spread of the English language. One of the notable manifestations of this process is the active penetration of English neologisms into the language use of other nations, in particular through digital media. The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of English neologisms on the modern use of language in the context of digital communication.The article deals with the phenomenon of English neologisms, their definition, peculiarities and reasons for their spread. In particular, attention is paid to the key role of social media and online newspapers in the formation and popularisation of new linguistic units. The author explains how English-language content, including memes, hashtags, and slang, influences the language culture of other countries.The influence of English neologisms on the Ukrainian language is studied on the basis of the Ukrainian Internet publication «Dzerkalo Tyzhnia». The processes of adaptation of English neologisms in the linguistic environment, including their phonetic, spelling and semantic transformations, are considered. The main areas of use of English neologisms in the Ukrainian language are: the language of the media (newspapers, magazines); economics and business; socio-political life; science and technology; everyday life).On the basis of the sample of the online newspapers «Dzerkalo Tyzhnia» for 2025, the main thematic groups of English neologisms in the Ukrainian language are identified and analysed: war; economy, politics; everyday life; scientific and technical sphere.The positive and negative aspects of the influence of English neologisms on the Ukrainian language are highlighted. The positive aspects include enrichment of the vocabulary, development of language dynamics and rapid response to innovations. Negative aspects are presented through the threat to linguistic identity, the displacement of specifically Ukrainian words by analogues of neologisms and borrowings, which also complicates the understanding of new developments among different generations.The author emphasises the importance of preserving the national linguistic uniqueness and the balanced use of neologisms in the Ukrainian language, especially in the field of digital media.

LINGUISTIC MARKERS OF EVALUATION IN ENGLISH FICTIONAL DISCOURSE

Н. Бігунова — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The research aims at finding a solution for the challenging problem of identifying linguistic markers of evaluation in English-language fictional discourse. This research had a broad range of objectives. The first objective is the review of the research carried out by foreign and Ukrainian linguists into evaluation criteria, types of evaluative semantics; clarification of the concept of an evaluative continuum and its poles; identification and brief analysis of lexical, grammatical and stylistic means of expressing evaluation used by characters in English-language fictional discourse. Evaluation is embedded in a social context and is studied as an interpersonal meaning from the perspective of discourse semantics. It has been established that in discourse, evaluation is not independent, it is a member of the communication process and it classifies objects in a value-based “picture of the world”. The potential of evaluative statements is realised in speech. The article challenges the traditional distinction of three types of evaluation: neutral, positive, and negative. The understanding of evaluation as a mental judgment has been put forward, which can be an expression of a positive, negative and mixed attitude. The concept of neutral evaluation has been questioned. The paper offers the opposition «evaluativeness» – «non-evaluativeness». If an object belongs to the individual’s sphere of interests, the evaluation is formed: positive, negative, mixed. If an object does not present any interest for the individual, evaluation is not formed either in mind, or in speech. Contextual-interpretive analysis of evaluative utterances said by the characters of modern English-language fiction shows that the speaker’s attitude to the object of evaluation is mainly expressed with the help of lexical means (evaluative adjectives, nouns, adverbs, verbs). The expressive potential of evaluative adjectives is enhanced by the use of intensifiers, as well as by the use of comparative and superlative degrees of comparison. At the morphological level, the roots of evaluative words acquire an intensified or diminished emotional-evaluative meaning by means of certain affixes, prefixes, suffixes. The most active syntactic markers of evaluation are negative-exclamatory and negative-interrogative sentences. Stylistic markers of evaluation in English-language fictional discourse are epithet, metaphor, irony, sarcasm, repetition, gradation, asyndeton, polysyndeton, and attachment.

SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH TERMS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTHY NUTRITION AND THEIR UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION

N. Bilous, Л. Дячук, І. Довженко — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

With the “WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health” adoption in 2004, active promotion of healthy eating and physical activity began. This led to enriching the English vocabulary with terms that require classification and systematization. In this scientific article, the term healthy nutrition refers to a lexeme with a specific semantic and pragmatic load, which denotes a healthy way of eating through the right choice of products and diet. The studied terminological units are classified into the following semantic groups: 1) terms designating essential nutrients; 2) terms related to the main groups of products; 3) terms related to diets and menus; 4) terms related to nutritional principles and approaches; 5) terms related to the preparation of healthy food; 6) terms designating diseases related to nutrition; 7) terms related to food technologies. As a member of the World Health Organization, Ukraine adopts all basic documents that comply with its recommendations on healthy nutrition. However, at the national level, there is a need for more active dissemination of the WHO strategy on a balanced diet and implementing information and educational activities. The key role in these processes is played by accurate and unified translation of terminological units, which representatives of state bodies, the media, and commercial institutions use. The most productive methods of reproducing terms in the field of healthy nutrition were the following: 1) direct equivalent; 2) transcoding (including transliteration, transcribing, adaptive, and mixed transcoding); 3) loan translation (mainly for rendering terminological phrases, which often involves the inversion of word order inherent in the target language); 4) descriptive translation and 5) transplantation (direct borrowing). Sometimes, the specific feature of the Ukrainian terminological system is the functioning of two parallel forms: formed by transcoding or by selecting a direct equivalent. The translator’s choice depends on the target audience’s level of awareness. The research identifies the prospects for further research, which consists of systematizing and creating a standardized database of terminology in the field of healthy nutrition.

SYNCRETISM OF LINGUISTIC AND LEGAL COMPETENCIES IN TRANSLATION OF LEGISLATIVE ACTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

I. Vozniak — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article analyses the difficulties of legal translation in the multilingual supranational legal system of the European Union, which Ukraine intends to become a member of. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a scholarly comprehension of the difficulties of translating EU acts, since in the event of Ukraine’s accession to the EU, it will be necessary to translate large volumes of legal documents. It was proven that legal translation has an interdisciplinary nature, which is manifested by the fact that a translator must possess not only translation skills but also basic knowledge of the law, be able to compare legal concepts of different legal systems and search for the necessary legal information. The emphasis is laid on the need to master the skills of legal interpretation and the ability to choose legal interpretation strategies correctly.The main translation difficulties when working with such an act are shown by the example of the analysis of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 in English, German, and Polish. Since it was emphasized that the fundamental units of legal language are not words, but rather concepts expressing legal rules, the importance of understanding legal concepts for their correct rendering in other languages was demonstrated. The article emphasizes that languages recognized as official in different states may have specific legal sublanguages and the research discovered based on the German-language text of the Regulation that the existence of such sublanguages can be traced even in EU acts. It was emphasized that a translator dealing with international legal acts plays to a certain extent the role of a norm drafter. The article describes tactics of familiarization and exteriorization in the translation of EU acts, as well. The main competencies of a legal translator are listed in the article’s closing part. It was concluded that legal translation requires specific approaches based on interdisciplinarity, so the main requirements for a specialist in the field of legal translation were indicated in the conclusions.

RHIZOMATIC NARRATIVE POLYPHONY: CREATING POSTIRONY IN DONAL RYAN’S NOVEL «THE SPINNING HEART»

O. Dunieva — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article analyzes the author’s stylistic technique of rhizomatic narrative polyphony as a means of structuring a polyphonic narrative. It examines the monologues of 21 characters within the context of creating post-irony in the novel “The Spinning Heart” by Irish writer Donal Ryan. It is proved that organizing a polyphonic novel with many characters-narrators who are equal in their views requires the author to use an appropriate compositional tool to individualize the monologues of all the characters and narrators without losing the central storyline. The rhizomatic nature of the narrative allows the creation of the necessary interpersonal connections between the characters without losing their narrative «significance». It is illustrated that due to the rhizomatic structure and narrative type, each of the characters expresses sincere emotions and experiences, reflects on their own traumas, and expresses a subjective attitude towards the environment, immersing themselves in honest reflections on the nature of their own internal and external conflicts, as well as childhood traumas. The content of the narrators’ monologues is characterized by intransigence, fragmentation, and illogic, with a partial loss of narrative logic and individual speech expressiveness. Exhausting the reader’s emotional reserve, each narrator speaks in detail within the monologue, trying to cover both their own experiences and the general picture of the city’s inhabitants’ life experiences. The author, under such conditions, remains far from assessing his own characters and does not grant narrative privileges to any of them, equating the tragedies of each. Hence, it is proved that rhizomatic narrative polyphony makes it possible to embody a postironic literary intention because despite the sincerity of each monologue, the characters do not communicate or intersect in dialogues within the novel. Rhizomatic narrative polyphony as a way of creating postirony in the novel emphasises the author’s postirony: remaining the characters «deaf» to other people’s experiences, the characters of Donal Ryan’s novel are unable to fully realise their sincere intentions, empathy for others and identify themselves in the multi-voiced environment of the novel.

CORPORATE VALUES OF AUSTRALIANS AND THEIR ACTUALIZATION IN THE MILITARY SLANG OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

N. Zhukova — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article analyses the reflection of the corporate values of Australians in the military slang of the First World War. The study reveals the priority ways of creating slangisms. It traces the correlations between their choice and the set of core values of the Australian military community. The military slang of the First World War was considered an important segment of the Australian English worldview. The features that were the basis of the nomination and reflected the cultural dominants of Australians are identified. The continuity of the linguistic culture of the first English-speaking settlers of Australia, who were carriers of the argotic worldview, in the slang of the Australian military during the First World War is analyzed. It is established that the military slang of that period demonstrates the actualization of such corporate values of Australians as the hermeticity of the community and, at the same time, demonstrativeness, openness, as well as emotionality, and the desire to express an evaluative attitude towards a concept, an object, or a person. The importance of the group being closed is evidenced by expressive linguistic means, which is possible in the presence of common experience, knowledge, and adherence to a specific axiological system. The active use of expressive lexical items is also dictated by the psychological need of Australians to demonstrate strong emotions. It has been found that the universal opposition ‘own vs. alien’ is implemented in terms of features that soldiers hold vital. To understand secondary names, successful language play, irony, and sarcasm, it was necessary to belong to the group of ‘own.’ The axiological system reflected in military slang encompasses a positive attitude towards ‘own’, who were modest, decent, honest ordinary soldiers on the front line, loyal mates. A system of values was further formed, in which the unconditional respect for the monarchy, typical of the British, was significantly shaken, if not completely leveled, in the Australian military community. The organic combination of the hermeticity of the Australian community with demonstrative behavior is evidenced by the use of dysphemisms and ridicule of the objects of nomination.

PHENOMENON OF COGNITIVE MODELLING IN MODERN LINGUISTICS

N. Kovalyk, L. Tymochko — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The paper is dedicated to the study of the phenomenon of cognitive modelling in modern linguistics, particularly the process of cognitive mapping in the ecological discourse of the English scientific conceptosphere. The study focuses on the concept of cognitive mapping as one of the methods of cognitive modelling used for visualizing mental models and analysing conceptual structures in scientific research.The choice of the research object is due to the necessity to reveal the process of cognitive modelling through the identification, description and systematizing of the interdependencies between linguistic forms and cognitive structures, as well as to analyse the interaction between cognitive linguistics and the mechanism of modelling linguistic units to identify conceptual relations specific to the field of environment.The study is focused on the analysis of the multilingual information resource EcoLexicon, which functions as a visual thesaurus and is based on cognitive-semantic approaches to knowledge modelling. The work examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of this resource, particularly, the principles of cognitive linguistics developed by Lawrence Barsalou and elements of the Generative Lexicon by James Pustejovsky. The research findings indicate that the application of cognitive-semantic analysis and Generative Lexicon methods facilitates the systematization of knowledge and the effective analysis of interdependencies between linguistic units. Particular attention is drawn to the analysis of the Qualia structure as the core mechanism of the Generative Lexicon, which enables the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between concepts and expands the possibilities of conceptual modelling in the field of ecological discourse. The primary categories that form the ecological conceptosphere, as well as their internal and external relations, are analysed.The results suggest that the application of cognitive models in terminological research not only improve the organization of knowledge but also creates new approaches to describing linguistic units in scientific discourse. Thus, the expansion and implementation of cognitive-semantic methods in linguistics contribute to a deeper understanding of meaning formation mechanisms and the development of ecological terminology in a multilingual context.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNONYMOUS RELATIONSHIPS IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH JUDICIAL TERMINOLOGY

O. Lytvynko — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article examines synonymous relationships within the contemporary English judicial system of terms, with a particular focus on exploring characteristics of synonymy in terminology. The study pays special attention to professional terms, along with their derivational and semantic peculiarities. Currently, the field of terminology exhibits heightened research activity, driven by the significant increase in professional information, processes of globalization, and the rising importance of term creation. Linguists actively analyze specialized terminological systems, focusing on the semantic characteristics of terms and their application within the language.Judicial terminology has emerged as a response to the essential need for organizing social relations. A term of judicial sphere is a generally recognized and correctly structured lexical unit that accurately defines a specific legal concept. Professional terminological units are usually characterized by such qualities as emotional and expressive neutrality, systematicity and laconicism. Studying modern English judicial terminology is both relevant and beneficial for a comprehensive study of synonymy, conducting a cognitive analysis of synonymous relations at the lexical level, classifying synonymous terms, and identifying trends in the development of this phenomenon. It is important to highlight the significance of judicial terminology in the context of growing international integration, and the expansion of international partnership. The object of our research is the contemporary English judicial terminological system, while the study’s primary subject is characteristics of synonymous relationships within this sphere.In the modern English legal terminological system, synonymous relations are of particular importance. We consider synonyms to be lexical units that serve to denote the same concept, which may differ in certain features of that concept. Synonyms are considered distinct linguistic signs.We distinguish absolute synonyms, relative synonyms and definitional synonyms among the terminological units of contemporary English judicial terminology.We have found that absolute synonyms are completely equivalent in meaning. They can be interchangeable in different contexts of the field of law. It is worth noting that relative synonyms have different semantic shades. The semantic phenomenon in which the meaning of a terminological unit of the judicial sphere corresponds to its definition is definitional synonymy.It is proven that synonymous relationships are undesirable for the judicial terminology system, as they complicate communication between professionals in this field and cause misunderstanding of judicial documentation, in particular, professional legal texts.

THE APPLICABILITY OF THE CONCEPT OF “REALIA” IN CHINA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE TURN IN TRANSLATION STUDIES

Haiying Li — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Translation Studies, as a modern discipline, have become increasingly important in the fields of Humanities, Arts, and Social sciences in China. Following the First Opium War, many Western works –in both science and technology as well as literature – were translated into Chinese. When translating foreign works, there were significant vocabulary gaps in Chinese, largely due to the relatively underdeveloped state of Chinese society and limited communication with Western cultures. To address these gaps, many new words were introduced into the Chinese language through translation, which have since become an essential part of modern Chinese. Some of these newly created words carry specific cultural colors and serve as important focal points for research in cultural translation.In Chinese Translation Studies, the research on culture-specific words is significantly influenced by relevant Western theories, including terminology usage, research methodologies, and research approaches. At present, the world’s Translation Studies is still mainly in the “cultural turn”, the academia of Translation Studies in China has also transitioned its approach to studying these culture-specific words in translation from a linguistic approach to a cultural turn, leading to increased attention on the external factors affecting the language in translation.Literary works often embody significant elements of national culture, and the translation of literary works plays a crucial role in transmitting that culture. National culture reflects the essence of national characters. In the context of the global resurgence of national consciousness influenced by globalization, there has been increasing attention on research on translating culture-specific words in literary works. In this context, the concept of “realia”, which emphasizes the inherent “subjectivity” of culture, becomes particularly relevant. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate the concept of “realia” into Chinese Translation Studies. Doing so will provide a theoretical foundation that aligns with contemporary developments in Translation Studies, benefiting the translation research of both foreign literary works into Chinese and Chinese classical literature into foreign languages.

TRANSLATION OF THE FUTURE: HARMONY BETWEEN HUMAN AND MACHINE

N. Nikolska — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Today, translators are increasingly using machine translation tools as an auxiliary tool. This collaboration allows for significant efficiency gains, reducing the time required to process large volumes of text, while leaving the function of checking, editing, and adding creative elements to the human. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal ways to harmoniously combine human and machine translation to achieve high quality, efficiency, and creativity in translation activities, as well as to meet the needs of a modern globalized society. Machine translation was defined as the process of automatically translating texts or speech expressions from one language to another using computer programs or systems; human translation is the process of translating texts or speech from one language to another, performed by a person, not an automated system or program. Strategies for harmoniously combining machine translation with human translation: 1. Post-editing method of machine translation. 2. Machine translation as an auxiliary tool for translators. 3. Machine translation systems based on translation memory. 4. Shared use for creative projects. 5. Use of specialized databases and terminology systems. The optimal ways of harmoniously combining human and machine translation to achieve high quality, efficiency and creativity in translation activities are based on using the advantages of each of these strategies. Machine translation can be useful for quickly completing tasks, processing large volumes of texts and automating routine processes, while human translation adds accuracy, creativity and the ability to convey cultural context and emotional content. Therefore, harmony between human and machine in translation is not only possible, but also necessary, since the combination of these two components allows to achieve maximum efficiency, accuracy and creativity in the translation process, while maintaining the high quality of the final product, which is important in the context of globalization.

ANTHROPONYMY OF JACOB BOSSHARTʼS STORY “EIN FEIERTAG”

N. Romanova — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The current stage of the development of linguistic research is characterized by a variety of theoretical and practical views on the object of study. The article highlights the problem of the structure and semantics of anthroponyms in the story “Ein Feiertag” by Jacob Bosshart. The Swiss writer relies on anthroponyms as linguistic and cultural-historical units formed according to the laws of the national and territorial language. A brief overview of the creative heritage of J. Bosshart confirmed the thesis regarding the mental assimilation of the author and the character in the short story. The ambivert type of the writer is revealed through the title of the work, content, lexical, stylistically colored, phraseological and (expressive) syntactic units, the contrast of characters, (internal) dialogues, synonyms, antonyms, repetitions, comparisons, epithets, metaphors, etc. The component features of anthroponyms, the frequency of their distribution in the text, genesis, original nomination, word formation, contexts of use are clarified. One-, two- and multicomponent personal names, male, female, childrenʼs and appellative names, male and female surnames are distinguished. Statistical data are offered, on the basis of which the author hypothetically builds models of his characters. The latter are classified as primary and secondary. The head character is a bearer of typical features of a villager, family man, husband, grandfather, fellow villager (Felix), the character is a bearer of the image of a twin, a younger brother who devoted his life to his elder brother and his family because of the First World War (Abraham). The secondary characters are bearers of atypical features of a village woman, a wife, a religious woman (a Christian), a grandmother (Susann) and a burgher (Löter), respectively. Secondary characters appear in the form of a child (a girl), a granddaughter, who is cared for by grandparents (Das Klärlein). The nature and synonymy of variants of the anthroponym Der Doktor are proved, and the source of its appearance is outlined. The semantics of variants of anthroponyms were identified and differentiated.

DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES IN TRAVEL BLOG HEADLINES

O. Saban, M. Stetsyk — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research explores the use of descriptive adjectives in English-language travel blog headlines from a linguistic perspective, focusing on semantics, grammar, applied linguistics, and media linguistics. A corpus of 100 headlines from five modern travel blogs (The Planet D, offMetro, Lost LeBlanc, The Endless Adventure, Kasia Writes) was analyzed, identifying the most frequent adjectives (BEST, BEAUTIFUL, PERFECT, LUXURY, ULTIMATE, EPIC, TOP, and HIDDEN), their semantic and grammatical features, as well as patterns in the use of certain types of adjectives depending on thematic orientation of the blog.Semantically, the adjectives were categorized as evaluative, emotive, denoting place and significance, sensory, qualitative, value-based, and relational, revealing niche-specific usage that aligns with bloggers’ strategies to engage their target audiences. Most travel bloggers have been shown to rely on evaluative and emotive adjectives, as well as those that denote value since they significantly impact audience engagement.Grammatically, adjectives were divided according to their method of modifying a noun, specifically into attributive, predicative, and postpositive. It was determined that most of the headlines contain attributive adjectives. Only two out of a hundred headlines had predictive adjectives, and there was one adjective used postpositively.Descriptive adjectives are often capitalized in headlines to enhance the visual impact and increase the likelihood that a reader or viewer will interact with the content. Moreover, it was found that superlatives were used in more than a third of the headlines.Ultimately, the article sheds light on the importance of a meticulous language choice for travel blog headlines, which can help make posts more readable and convincing, and, as a result, attract more readers.Future research might focus on examining the broader impact of adjectives in online communication and the blogosphere in particular to enhance audience engagement, achieve communication goals, and optimize content strategies.

THE PLACE OF LOGORGAMS IN MODERN SEMIOGRAPHY FRENCH WRITING

Л. Сидельникова — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article reveals the main concepts of graphic linguistics, the principles of writing: phonographic, based on the transmission of speech sounds, and semiographic, which captures the semantic units of language, where letter signs are ideograms, graphic units of the semiographic system of writing: morphograms, logograms. The spelling system of the French language is plurisystemic, which uses the variability of the presented principles to ensure the quality transmission of information, therefore it is a structural, universal and functional system of writing. Modern French orthography is characterized by the wide use of semiographs, which fix grammatical categories, specify meanings, and give words a special visual image. The work clearly distinguishes the related concepts of logogram and ideogram. A logogram is a letter sign of semiography that carries semantic information and aims to distinguish homophonic spellings in writing. An ideogram is an indivisible conditional sign of a linguopragmatic and communicative nature, which can be realized not only in the form of a letter sign, but also as an image, symbol, graphic sign.The appearance of logograms is associated with the dynamic development of the lexical structure of the French language in the XV–XVI centuries, in particular borrowings from classical and European languages. The widespread use of logograms caused the foundation of the differential spelling principle during the Renaissance (XVI century) and its rooting in the New French language (XVII–XVIII centuries). Among the first logogrammatic units that entered French graphics were the monograms à, â, ô, û, y, doubled graphic complexes ff, ll, nn, rr, etc., as well as the trigram ung.The presented article also systematizes the graphic inventory of logograms of the modern French language, which consists of 48 graphic complexes, among which two-letter orthograms with diacritical marks, doubled letters and orthograms for the transmission of nasal sounds prevail. The specified orthograms extend their differential features from phonogram to logorams, so they are polygraphems. The conducted analysis demonstrated the general tendency of the French orthographic system to increase semiographic spellings and entrench the differential principle of spelling.

“UKRAINE IS STILL INDEPENDENT AND FREE”: ANALYSIS OF JOSEPH BIDEN’S SPEECHES ON THE WAR IN UKRAINE

N. Tymoshchuk — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The research aims to study the linguistic and functional features of Joseph Biden’s political discourse on the Ukrainian-Russian war. The publication’s relevance is caused by the need to examine the peculiarities of using the system of expressive means and stylistic devices in modern political discourse. The primary purpose is to analyze the means that contribute to the formation of emotional and psychological impact on the audience and determine their role in the political context. The object of the study is the public speeches of politicians as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon and an integral part of the English-speaking linguistic and cultural space. The subject of the study is the linguistic and stylistic features of Joseph Biden’s political speeches on the war in Ukraine. The corpus of eight speeches by the 46th President of the United States is used in the study. To achieve this goal, we used the method of simple data counting, the technique of discourse analysis, the process of stylistic analysis, the method of continuous sampling, and the comparative method. We also used the Voyant Tools corpus research tool. The results showed the frequency of key lexical items such as Ukraine, world, and people. Joseph Biden uses a variety of stylistic devices to achieve the desired effect, which is determined by the pragmatic characteristics of the speech and the specifics of the audience to which the speech is delivered. The analysis of stylistic devices demonstrated the frequent use of metaphors, euphemisms, epithets, and stylistic inversion, which make the speeches emotional and persuasive. Using various combinations of personal and possessive pronouns to denote the parties to political interaction adds to the persuasiveness of the US President’s speeches. Having analyzed Joseph Biden’s political speeches on the Russian-Ukrainian war, we conclude that linguistic and stylistic features contribute to the transmission of key ideas and the formation of a positive image of a political leader who stands for democratic values and support for Ukraine. Further research is needed on the peculiarities of reproducing the functional features of linguistic and stylistic means in translating Joseph Biden’s speeches into Ukrainian.

LEXICAL SEMANTICS OF CONFLICT IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN ENGLISH: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY

M. Fabian — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Conflict is an essential notion in various spheres of knowledge, since it represents some of the most complex aspects of human existence, which makes this lexeme worthwhile for linguistic analysis. The present research aims to study the semantic aspects of conflict by means of analyzing its lexical environments in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The study investigates how the surrounding lexical items contribute to the diverse meanings of this complicated concept. The research dataset includes 397 most frequent collocations with adjectives, verbs and nouns. The methods employed in the paper include contextual analysis, semantic clustering, and collostructional analysis. As a result, 23 semantic clusters for adjective + conflict, verb + conflict, conflict + noun, noun + conflict have been identified. The findings show that conflict is often discussed in legal, diplomatic, and interpersonal contexts, and is revealed in metaphors related to temperature (“heated conflict”), time (“endless conflict”), human being (“bloody conflict”), gastronomy (“bitter conflict”), theatre (“dramatic conflict”), etc., which emphasizes its destructive and strategic nature. Thus, the performed study points to the semantic complexity of conflict and its varied representations in modern language through the corpus analysis. The patterns including adjectives, verbs, and nouns, which are used with the lexeme conflict, offer the linguistic data on how conflicts are cognized, perceived, discussed, and managed in different contexts. The paper contributes to the understanding of the role of language in shaping the perceptions of conflict and may be of interest to scholars working in the fields of semantics, corpus linguistics, linguocultural research, conflict studies, and translation. Further research may benefit from extending the obtained findings to study other semantically both related and unrelated lexemes as well as analyze cross-language and cross-cultural comparisons of conflict in other language systems.